Nowadays, due to the high expectations of customers in meeting their demand and the competition environment among service providers, employers are working to provide customers with new methods in the shortest possible time and in the best possible way to attract customer’ s satisfaction and maximize profits. In this paper, the orienteering problem with variable profits, fractional Objective function and demand on arcs is studied. An appropriate integer programming model is proposed to solve it. In this case, the purpose is to determine a route for a vehicle so that it maximizes the profit, the start and end of its route is at the origin, serving demands of customers, and does not exceed a maximum allowed travel time. In the orinteering problem with variable profits and fractional Objective function the customers are located on vertices of the graph corresponding to the problem. Next, a problem is considered in which the service is performed on arcs. The resulting problem is called the orinteering arc routing problem with variable profits and fractional Objective function. We solve the problem by bisection method. In the end, the numerical efficiency of the proposed model is examined. The proposed algorithms can solve problems in a reasonable amount of time. We will also see that the time of solving problems depends on their graph structure and not on their size.

The purpose of this study was to study the reaction of investors to the Objective and Objective suspicion of profit components in suspected financial distress in a 11-year period from 1386 to 1396 with 1320 views in 120 companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. To analyze the data and test the hypotheses, the simulation model of Mishkin (1983) and the multivariate regression model were used using the Eviews software version 10 has been used. The findings of the research indicate that investors have the mental sustainability of cash components and earnings accruals in relation to the Objective stability of cash components and earnings accrual, more than actually they value it. Therefore, investors are pricing inappropriately, the profit of companies suspected of financial distress and the capital market is not as efficient as the components of profit information. In other words, companies suspect financial distress, the investors' incorrect responses and inappropriate pricing of them.

Since Steven Luke’s achievement of the theory of “radical power” has been possible through adopting the foundations of epistemology, ontology and human studies, therefore by finding these foundations and replacing them with religious foundations, this theory will be transformed into a new theory based on religious foundations. Based on religious foundations especially Imam Khomeini’s thought, applying coercion and force to make citizens accept a policy is unacceptable. Rather since the real power belongs to God, enforcement of the power is also by divine will.

Knowing the components of economic education provides the dynamic background of education in this field. The aim of the current research is to investigate the indicators and components of the economic education curriculum. The approach of the current research is qualitative and its method is research synthesis. The research community is all the articles (211 articles) that have been presented from 1390 to 1401 AD and from 2010 to 2022 AD regarding economic education in curricula. The sample of the research is 32 articles, which were selected based on thematic monitoring, theoretical data saturation, and purposefully. The research data were collected from the qualitative analysis of the studied articles. By analyzing the data, the dimensions of vitality in the curriculum of the elementary school in 4 factors and 55 categories including the dimension of individual factors (including indicators and components related to personality characteristics); The dimension of culture and economic ethics (economic fields in the society); The dimension of economic concepts and knowledge (indices in economic education) and the dimension of collective and communication concepts (communication and interaction indicators in education) were classified. Economic education is dependent on internal and external components in educational systems, which requires macro-planning in this field.

Legislator has counted the Case that relying on, lessor can request of court for leaving the object of lease in the "Relations of lessor and lessee law approved in 2nd of Mordad 1356." In the Article 19 of this law has been foreseen that if lessee in any reason don't want to continue his acting in that rental place, he can request the court to issue the award of permission of profits transference. Opposite of this right for lessor that relying on that right, he can transfer and put in possession the object of lease profits to himself by paying the lessee's right of profession.

A B S T R A C T Green city is one of the approaches to sustainable development. “green city” is an environmentally friendly city compatible with the concept of sustainable development and can be used for the welfare and security of its inhabitants. Based on the concept of a “green city,” urban managers try to have the least destructive effect on the ecosystems upon which cities rely. Green city is one of the sustainable development approaches that reduce the environmental footprint of cities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the situation of Mashhad metropolis in terms of the Objective characteristics of the green city. In this study, 14 indicators of electricity consumption per capita, green space per capita, population density, water availability, sewage availability, superior public transportation network, urban mass transportation, traffic reduction, annual production waste per capita, carbon monoxide, concentration nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide concentration, particulate matter concentration, and air quality were exerted. To determine the importance of research indicators, the Shannon entropy method, and the status of Mashhad city areas in terms of green city indicators, the VIKOR multi-criteria decision-making method has been applied. The results showed that most areas of Mashhad are average and below average in terms of green city characteristics, and only District 9 is in very good condition (0.636). Also, based on the results of this part of the research, District 5, with the value of VIKOR index of 0.969, is in the last rank in terms of Objective characteristics of the green city Extended Abstract Introduction Green city is one of the approaches to sustainable development. A “Green city” is an environmentally friendly city compatible with the concept of sustainable development and can be used for the welfare and security of its inhabitants. Based on the concept of a “green city,” urban managers try to have the least destructive effect on the ecosystems upon which cities rely. Green cities constantly try to manage their environmental effects by reducing waste, increasing recycling, reducing air pollution, increasing population density, developing open urban spaces, and encouraging the development of sustainable local businesses. Green cities were first used to evaluate 30 European cities by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) in 2009 with the financial support of Siemens and the aim of reducing the environmental effects of human activities in cities. In that study, eight indices of carbon dioxide, energy, construction, transportation, water, recycling and land use, air quality, and environmental governance were used. Later, the Economist Intelligence Unit, with the financial support of Siemens, evaluated the status of the green city index in 17 Latin American cities, 15 African cities, 22 major Asian cities, and 27 cities in United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. In recent years, even some Western Islamic scholars have, in various publications, shown that Islam is an ecological religion. In Iran, the issue of protecting the environment has not received much attention regardless of its rich cultural and religious background and its confirmation in Article 50 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Mashhad is the second metropolis of Iran, located in North-East of Iran, and is one of the counties of Khorasan Razavi Province. According to the 2016 Iranian Population and Housing Census, its population was 3057679 people (The Vice-Presidency of Planning and Development of Mashhad Municipality). In Mashhad, due to several reasons including the presence of Imam Reza Shrine (PBUH) and arrival of millions of pilgrims per year, population growth, increased garbage production (production of 896534 tons of garbage in 2016 (The Vice-Presidency of Planning and Development of Mashhad Municipality), air pollution (increased number of unhealthy days from 46 days per year in 2015 to 88 days in 2016 for sensitive groups and 4 days of unhealthy air for all groups in 2016 (Center for Monitoring Environmental Pollutants of Mashhad Municipality) the 2025 vision of the city has paid attention to the environment in the form of five general Objectives; however, just like the national level, no specific pattern for environmentally-compatible urban development, such as green city, is determined. Analysis of the green city index in Mashhad metropolis can considerably contribute to urban managers and planners in addition to providing a pattern for evaluating the present situation in other cities of Iran and improving the quality of life regardless of the current status of the urban environment in Iranian cities; we can preserve these environments as parts of the natural environment for future generations.   Methodology In terms of its goal, the present study is an applied one; in the study, drawing upon other studies and library sources and considering the conditions of Iran and the metropolis of Mashhad in terms of green city, 14 quantitative indices were exerted. To this end, the required data for the quantitative indices was gathered by library research from the relevant institutions. Next, the weights of quantitative indices were determined using Shannon's entropy. Then, using the VIKOR method of multi-criteria decision-making, the status of various districts of the metropolis of Mashhad in terms of quantitative indices of green city was determined. Finally, the map of the spatial distribution of quantitative indices was drawn using the ARC GIS software package.   Results and discussion In this study, to analyze the status of the metropolis of Mashhad in terms of green city features, 14 quantitative indices were used. Considering the value of the VIKOR index ranges from 0 to 1, various districts of Mashhad can be classified into five categories; very satisfactory, satisfactory, average, unsatisfactory, and very unsatisfactory in terms of quantitative indices of green city. The results of the current situation of Mashhad showed that in terms of Objective indicators of the green city, District 9 of Mashhad metropolis with a value of VIKOR index of 0.056 is in first place, and the seventh region with a value of VIKOR index of 0.433 is in second place. Also, based on the results of this part of the research, District 5, with the value of VIKOR index of 0.969, is in the last rank in terms of Objective characteristics of the green city.   Conclusion Similarly, the results of studies by Afshar (2011) and Shabani et al. (2017) on Tehran metropolis are indicative of the unsatisfactory situation of Tehran (the biggest metropolis of Iran) in terms of green city features. Comparing the results of the studies by Afshar (2011) and Shabani et al. (2017) with the present study on Mashhad (the second biggest metropolis of Iran) reveals the necessity for a comprehensive plan toward achieving green cities. It should be mentioned that, due to the specific conditions of Mashhad metropolis and availability or unavailability of the required data, the indices used in the present study are somewhat different from the ones used by Afshar (2011) and Shabani et al. (2017).   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.     Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific

Background and Objectives: According to the random nature of heuristic algorithms, stability analysis of heuristic ensemble classifiers has particular importance. Methods: The novelty of this paper is using a statistical method consists of Plackett-Burman design, and Taguchi for the first time to specify not only important parameters, but also optimal levels for them. Minitab and Design Expert software programs are utilized to achieve the stability goals of this research. Results: The proposed approach is useful as a preprocessing method before employing heuristic ensemble classifiers; i. e., first discover optimal levels of important parameters and then apply these parameters to heuristic ensemble classifiers to attain the best results. Another significant difference between this research and previous works related to stability analysis is the definition of the response variable; an average of three criteria of the Pareto front is used as response variable. Finally, to clarify the performance of this method, obtained optimal levels are applied to a typical multi-Objective heuristic ensemble classifier, and its results are compared with the results of using empirical values; obtained results indicate improvements in the proposed method. Conclusion: This approach can analyze more parameters with less computational costs in comparison with previous works. This capability is one of the advantages of the proposed method.

This paper investigates the closed loop stability of the SEPIC converter using an optimal PID controller, In this model, the parameters are adjusted using the Gray Wolf Multi-Objective (MOGWO) algorithm. The Gray Wolf Multi-Objective Algorithm is a random evolution-inspired random algorithm that has been widely used in recent years as an optimization technique in power electronics. The state mode average method has been used to model and achieve the transducer-based system transfer function. Therefore, the MOGWO-based PID controller has been studied and implemented in the system to enable the converter stability to be evaluated and compared with conventional PID controllers. To evaluate the stability of the system, various performance parameters such as overtaking percentage, peak time, settling time and peak size have been considered. The impact response of the closed-loop system is obtained by simulation in MATLAB. The performance of the model is evaluated to perform a general comparative analysis of the system.